priority inversion（優先轉置）
An unwanted software situation in which a high-priority task is delayed while waiting for access to a shared resource that is not even being used at the time. For all practical purposes, the priority of this task has been lowered during the delay period.
一種不希望發生的軟件狀態，在此狀態一個高優先級任務因為等待訪問一個那時不再使用的共享資源而被延遲。在所有的實踐目標中，這個任務的優先級在延遲周期內都被降低。

Process（進程）
A word that is often confused with task or thread. The crucial distinction is that all of the tasks in a system share a common memory space. Processes, on the other hand, always have their own private memory space. Processes are common in multi-user systems but are rarely, if ever, found in embedded systems.
這個名詞經常與任務或線程混淆。至關重要的差別在于系統中的所有任務共享公共的內存空間。進程，另一方面，常常有它們自己的私有內存空間。進程在多用戶系統中，但少有地，如有可能，也可在嵌入式系統中。

Processor（處理器）
A generic term that does not distinction between microprocessor, microcontroller, and digital signal processor.
一個對于微處理器、微控制器他數字信號處器無差別的通用術語。

processor family（處理器族）
A set of related processors, usually successive generations from the same manufacturer. For example, Intel"s 80x86 family began with the 8086 and now includes the 80186, 286, 386, 486, Pentium, and many others. The later models in a family are typically backwards-compatible with the ones that came before.
一個相關的處理器集，常常連續地從一個生產商產生。例如：Intel"s 80x86族開始從8086開始，現在有80186, 286, 386, 486, Pentium及其他。在一個族中，稍后的產品典型地向后兼容在它以前生產的產品。

processor-independent（處理器無關）
A piece of software that is independent of the processor on which it will be run. Most programs that can be written in a high-level language are processor-independent. Contrast with processor-specific.
一個與處理器無關的，并能在其上運行的軟件。大多數用高級語言編寫程序是處理器無關的。相對于處理器定制。

processor-specific（處理器定制）
A piece of software that is highly dependent on the processor on which it will be run. Such code must usually be written in assembly language. Contrast with processor-independent.
一個高度依賴處理器的軟件，在上其才能運行。一些代碼必須用匯編語言編寫。相對于處理器無關。

Profiler（明細觀察程序）
A software development tool that collects and reports execution statistics for your programs. These statistics include the number of calls to each subroutine and the total amount of time spent within each. This data can be used to learn which subroutines are the most critical and, therefore, demand the greatest code efficiency.
一種報告你的程序運行統計數據的軟件調試工具。這些統計數據包括調用每個子程序的次數和用去的時間。這些數據常被用來了解哪些子程序是最關鍵的，并且，由此要求使最好的代碼有效率。

program counter
See instruction pointer.

R

RAM（隨機訪問存儲器）
Random-Access Memory. A broad classification of memory devices that includes all devices in which individual memory locations may be read or written as required. 
隨機訪問存儲器。一個包含了所有每個地址能被按需讀寫的存儲設備的粗略分類。

RISC（精簡指令集計算機）
Reduced Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. RISC processors generally feature fixed-length instructions, a load-store memory architecture, and a large number of general-purpose registers and/or register windows. The MIPS processor family is an excellent example. Contrast with CISC.本文由容源電子網（www.mnu8.com）整理提供，部分內容來源于網絡，如有侵犯到你的權利請與我們聯系更正。